Clinical Optometry

What is Divergence ? Divergence is the opposite of convergence and is the ability to turn the two eyes outwards to look at a distant object.  [Convergence is the ability…

Exotropia is a manifest divergent squint, refers to an eye that turns or diverge outwards, while the other eye fixates. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more…

Abstract Convergence spasm (CS) is a rare disorder characterized by an involuntary state of convergence, miosis, and accomodation secondary to disconjugate gaze. It is a condition that occurs in younger…

CONVERGENCE : convergence is a disjugate movement of the eyes in which both eyes rotate inward so that the lines of sight intersect in front of the eyes. It allows…

Introduction-- Inability to obtain and/or maintain adequate binocular convergence for any length of time without undue effort. Etiology-- 1. Primary or idiopathic -- In many cases, exact atiology of convergence insufficiency is…

Computer- based orthoptic programs have brought a revolutionary change in the diagnosis and management of orthoptic disorders. Computer- based orthoptic practice include: Computer- based orthoptic therapy programs for vision therapy,…

A sensory motor examination consists of multiple measurements of the ocular alignment positions and may include tests of fusion and binocular (3D) vision. A sensory evaluation detects, assesses, monitors, &…

Examination of ocular movements involves the assessment smooth pursuit movements followed by saccades. Types of Eye Movements Ductions These are monocular movements from one position to another. They consists of…

The angle of deviation can be measured by doing various tests: it is the method of measuring the amount or the degree of deviation that is causing the misalignment of…

Ammetrpia ?Contact lens ?How to manage ammetrpia with contact lens ?How to wear contact lens ?When you avoid contact lens and when is better to wear contact lens ? If…