Introduction
Fireworks are widely used during festivals, celebrations, and public events.
Although they create beautiful displays, they can also cause serious eye injuries.
Firework-related eye injuries are a significant public health concern because they
may result in temporary or permanent vision loss. Children, young adults, and even
bystanders are commonly affected. Most of these injuries are preventable through
proper safety measures and public awareness.
Causes
• Explosion of fireworks causing shock-wave injury.
• Flying debris striking the eye.
• Thermal burns from sparks and flames.
• Chemical burns from firework chemicals.
• Improper handling or relighting failed fireworks.
• Bystanders standing too close to fireworks.
Types of Injuries
Corneal abrasion, corneal burns, conjunctival laceration, eyelid burns, hyphema,
traumatic cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, globe rupture and
permanent blindness.
Prevention
• Wear protective safety goggles.
• Keep a safe distance after lighting fireworks.
• Ensure adult supervision for children.
• Follow manufacturer's instructions.
• Never hold fireworks in the hand.
• Never relight malfunctioning fireworks.
• Keep water or a fire extinguisher nearby.
• Prefer professional fireworks displays.
• Avoid alcohol while handling fireworks.
• Spread public awareness regarding firework safety.
Treatment
First Aid:
Do not rub the eye. Do not remove embedded objects. Cover the eye with a rigid
shield or paper cup. If chemicals enter the eye, rinse with clean water for 15–20
minutes. Seek immediate emergency medical care.
Medical Management:
An ophthalmologist performs a complete eye examination, visual acuity testing and
slit-lamp examination. Treatment may include antibiotic eye drops, pain-relieving
and anti-inflammatory medicines, tetanus prophylaxis, and surgery for severe
injuries such as corneal tears, cataract, retinal detachment or globe rupture. Regular
follow-up is essential.
Complications
Corneal scarring, infection, cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, permanent
visual impairment and blindness.
Conclusion
Firework eye injuries are largely preventable. Proper safety measures, protective
eyewear and prompt medical treatment help preserve vision and reduce permanent
disability.
