Clinical Optometry

PUPIL AND IT’S FUNCTIONS:- Pupil is the aperture or an entrance in iris through which the light enters in our eye and reach to retina. It is mainly surrounded by…

According to WHO: Low Vision is visual acuity of less than 6/18 but equal to or better than 3/60, or/and a corresponding visual field loss to less than 20° in…

Low vision cause , before starting the discussion in very short, I tell you that , ~what is a low vision ?~How low vision effect in our daily life?Including with…

When the lens is received from the manufacturer it is sterile, so where does the infection come from? Clearly, most of the complications with contact lens are because of the…

The initial Duchrome test, also known as the Bichrome test, consists of two directions, red and green. Color distortion, the basis of the experiment, occurs because different wavelengths of light…

There are two methods of evaluating the refractive error of an eye: Objective refraction, (usually retinoscopy) where the result depends purely on the examiner's judgment to determine the optimum optical…

In this modern era of science and technology, when everything is controlled by computerized automated machines. Then why refraction is remained from that list although as an Optometrist we will…

WHAT IS RETINOSCOPY?Retinoscopy is a technique to objectively determine the refractive error of the eye. (farsighted, nearsighted, astigmatism) and the need for glasses. The test can be quick, easy, reliably…

Objectives – Anatomy and course of occulosympathetic pathwayHorners syndromeWhat is Horners SyndromeCauses of Horners Syndrome Anatomy and course of occulosympathetic pathway: The sympathetic nerve supply to the whole body comes…

Presbyopia is derived from the Greek word "presby" and "ops" meaning old-age sight. Presbyopia is age related loss of ability to sustain accommodation necessary for clear near vision or presbyopia…