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Accommodation :- Normal (emmetropic eye – when parallel rays coming from infinity are focused light sensitive layer of retina with the accommodation being at rest , this state is called…

What is accommodation? Accommodation is defined as the ability to increase the dioptric power of lens by increasing its convexity to focus the diverging rays of light coming from a…

Divergence paralysis or simple stated as paralysis of divergence is demonstrated as the condition by which the distant objects appear to be double. The aspect of diplopia, which is entirely…

What is Divergence ? Divergence is the opposite of convergence and is the ability to turn the two eyes outwards to look at a distant object.  [Convergence is the ability…

Exotropia is a manifest divergent squint, refers to an eye that turns or diverge outwards, while the other eye fixates. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more…

Abstract Convergence spasm (CS) is a rare disorder characterized by an involuntary state of convergence, miosis, and accomodation secondary to disconjugate gaze. It is a condition that occurs in younger…

CONVERGENCE : convergence is a disjugate movement of the eyes in which both eyes rotate inward so that the lines of sight intersect in front of the eyes. It allows…

Introduction-- Inability to obtain and/or maintain adequate binocular convergence for any length of time without undue effort. Etiology-- 1. Primary or idiopathic -- In many cases, exact atiology of convergence insufficiency is…

Computer- based orthoptic programs have brought a revolutionary change in the diagnosis and management of orthoptic disorders. Computer- based orthoptic practice include: Computer- based orthoptic therapy programs for vision therapy,…

A sensory motor examination consists of multiple measurements of the ocular alignment positions and may include tests of fusion and binocular (3D) vision. A sensory evaluation detects, assesses, monitors, &…