Clinical Optometry

Physiological accommodation:  The accommodation reflex is the visual response for focusing on near objects. It also has the name of accommodation -convergence reflex or the near reflex. It is a…

Asthenopia, though annoying, isn’t serious and doesn’t cause permanent vision or eye problems. Limiting screen time, taking breaks, and making a few adjustments to your surroundings and daily habits is…

Asthenopia is a term used to describe a sense of strain and weakness or ocular fatigue set up by the use of the eyes (a = not, sthenos = strengh,…

The term insufficiency of accommodation is used, when the accommodative power is significantly less than the normal physiological limits for the patient’s age. Therefore, it should not be confused with…

Hey have you ever notice that most of the middle age persons always put a spectacle before going to start any near work like reding, writing etc. If you are…

The value of tear flude of preserving a clear cornea has been understood sinces ages. The fact that the blinking action of lids was esentioal foe spreading the tears and…

Watering of the eye is an protective mechanism that kicks in when your eyes dry. Your dry eyes sends message to the brain the brain responds flooding the tears under…

Wolff was the first to describe the structure of the fluid covering the cornea and called it as precorneal film. He described that the tear fim consist of three layers,which…

The conjunctiva contains two types of Glands: The mucin secretary glands ( goblet cells, crypts of Henle, glands of Manz ) and the accessory lacrimal glands ( glands of Krause…

Tear film Dynamics is a complex process controlled by the various factors, main and accessory lacrimal glands, ocular surface structure (cornea, conjunctiva ,eyelids with meibomian gland) and interconnecting nerves (both…