Clinical Optometry

DRY EYE SYNDROME – A dry eye syndrome is said   to exist when n the quantity or the quality of the precorneal tear film is insufficient to ensure the well…

CONGENITAL OR INFANTILE GLAUCOMA:- Medications are not very effective and so treatment of congenital glaucoma is primary surgical. However, IOP must be lowered by medical treatment with hyperosmotic agents, carbonic…

THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS: The lacrimal apparatus comprises the structures concerned with the formation of tears (the main lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands) and its transport . The lacrimal passage…

Conjunctiva is a thin transparent mucous membrane, which lines the posterior surface of the eyelids and anterior surface of eyeball. Conjunctiva is composed of non-keratinized , stratified squamous epithelium with…

Heteropia Is a Condition of menifest squint which cannot be overcome by fusional mechanism & may not be present in all direction of gaze. classification of Heteropia : 1) Depending…

The extraocular Muscle or extrinsic eye muscle are striated and distinguished from the intrinsic eye muscle which are non-striated and responsible for controlling the movement of iris (dillator and sphicnter…

Everyone is different, but the following rules are good jumping off point when picking them the frame that best fits your face. A good frame is a selection can be…

The pupil is the mirror of various diseases. The various reflection of pupil shape, size and reaction represent the various disease. Many ocular diseases are diagnosed by the pupillary reaction…

Myopia Myopia is a Greek word Which means close the eye in other hands myopia means I shut the eye , the term was introduced from the habit of half…

Glaucoma is not a single disease process but a group of disorders characterized by a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in a characteristic appearance of the optic disc and a specific…