Clinical Optometry

The initial Duchrome test, also known as the Bichrome test, consists of two directions, red and green. Color distortion, the basis of the experiment, occurs because different wavelengths of light…

There are two methods of evaluating the refractive error of an eye: Objective refraction, (usually retinoscopy) where the result depends purely on the examiner's judgment to determine the optimum optical…

In this modern era of science and technology, when everything is controlled by computerized automated machines. Then why refraction is remained from that list although as an Optometrist we will…

WHAT IS RETINOSCOPY?Retinoscopy is a technique to objectively determine the refractive error of the eye. (farsighted, nearsighted, astigmatism) and the need for glasses. The test can be quick, easy, reliably…

Objectives – Anatomy and course of occulosympathetic pathwayHorners syndromeWhat is Horners SyndromeCauses of Horners Syndrome Anatomy and course of occulosympathetic pathway: The sympathetic nerve supply to the whole body comes…

Presbyopia is derived from the Greek word "presby" and "ops" meaning old-age sight. Presbyopia is age related loss of ability to sustain accommodation necessary for clear near vision or presbyopia…

Introduction: The word "Presbyopia" comes from Greek language which means "Elderly Vision". The Greek word presbys means " old man" and ops means "Eye". The disease was well known to…

ABSTRACT : Presbyopia is the age-related inevitable deterioration of the near vision which is experienced in over 80% of people aged 38-40 years and above. It is also known as…

In general the accommodation start for adjustment system of eye while viewing near and distance object. In case of spasm of accommodation means unable to do the accommodation properly. When…

In ophthalmology, the term excessive accommodation is used to describe a situation in which an individual exerts more than the normal required accommodation (focusing on near object) for performing a…