Introduction Convergence insufficiency (CI) is one of the most prevalent non-strabismic binocular vision disorders. It affects the ability to maintain proper eye alignment for near tasks, such as reading or…
Cornea The human cornea, a transparent and delicate tissue, plays a crucial role in our ability to see the world around us. As the outermost layer of the eye, it…
Introduction Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder that can significantly impact reading and other near-vision activities. Often undiagnosed in routine eye exams, this condition manifests as difficulty…
Aphakia is defined as the absence of a natural crystalline lens from the eye, due to any cause. Causes include congenital aphakia, surgical aphakia, traumatic extrusion of the lens, and…
The extraocular muscles are a group of six muscles located around the eye, working in perfect harmony to control its movement. These muscles are named based on their location and…
Contrast sensitivity is a critical aspect of visual function that is often overlooked compared to other visual parameters, such as visual acuity. However, it plays a vital role in our…
Lensometry is an ophthalmic procedure that helps a clinician to either to assess the: Spherical power. Cylinder power. Cylinder axis. Optical center. Prism reference point. Adds in bi-, tri- and…
In a state of normal binocular single vision, there exists a precise physiological relationship between the corresponding points of the two retina. Thus, the foveae of two eyes act as…
A blind child is an individual aged <16 years, who has a visual acuity in the better eye of <3/60. Childhood blindness is an important public health problem in developing…
India was the first country in the world to launch the 'National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)' in year 1976 as 100% centrally sponsored programme with the following goals:…