Clinical Optometry

Strabismus, commonly known as crossed crossed or misaligned eyes, is a visual condition that affects millions of people worldwide. This misalignment can lead to double vision (diplopia), reduced depth perception…

Thyroid eye disease is an immune system disorder. It goes by a few other names. The immune system doesn’t function right in people with this condition. That leads to inflammation…

Introduction-- Sensory exotropia is a condition of unilateral divergence as a sequela to loss of vision or long-standing poor vision in one eye. Cause-- sensory exotropia occurs when there’s an…

Pupillary light reflex is used to assess the brain stem function. Abnormal pupillary light reflex can be found in optic nerve injury, oculomotor nerve damage, brain stem lesions, such as tumors,…

As an optometrist, I often encounter patients who complain about various visual symptoms related to their use of digital devices. This condition is known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), a…

It is a useful orthoptics tool specifically for the diagnosing the subjective and objective angles of squint. This is the instrument that performs a comprehensive assessment of binocular vision by…

Funduscopic examination is a routine part of every doctor’s examination of the eye, not just the ophthalmologist’s. It consists exclusively of inspection. One looks through the ophthalmoscope  which is simply…

Aqueous humour is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary processes of the ciliary body, a structure…