Introduction Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent, bilateral allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva. The episodes are often periodic and have seasonal recurrences. Seasonal exacerbations characterize the condition in the initial…
An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. There are upper and lower eyelids. Many things can affect the eyelids or are related to…
Topography is evaluated using Placido disk patterns or mires reflected off of the tear film of the anterior cornea and converted to color scales. Because the image is generated off…
BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS: Fogging test with plus lenses is a crucial procedure in the field of refraction, particularly in determining the accurate prescription for individuals with latent (masked) hyperopia as…
The Van Herrick technique is a quick and easy way to estimate anterior chamber depth, which allows grading of patients according to the likelihood of having primary acute closed-angle glaucoma.…
Congenital cataracts are a lens opacity that is present at birth. Congenital cataracts occur in a broad range of severity. Some lens opacities do not progress and are visually insignificant,…
The frame of glasses typically consists of two main parts: the front frame, which holds the lenses, and the temples (or arms), which extend back over the ears to keep…
Pterygium is a relatively common ocular surface disease. The clinical aspects and the treatment options have been studied since many years ago, but many uncertainties still exist. The core pathologic…
The Potential acuity meter was introduced by Guyton and Minkowski in 1980. It is a small device that mounts on a slit lamp and projects on an image of a…
Mainly before uses the trial lens box & accessories should be know what is the things? how to uses the accessories? How to works? Why uses the accessories. It is…